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List of unprotected cruisers of Germany
In the 1880s and 1890s, Germany built nine unprotected cruisers in three classes. These ships proved to be transitional designs, and experience gathered with them and a series of avisos helped to produce the first light cruisers of the German Navy.〔Gardiner, p. 249〕 The unprotected cruisers, generally designed for service in Germany's colonial empire, required great endurance and relatively heavy firepower. The first ships of the type, the two s, were acquired in an effort to modernize an aged cruiser force that relied primarily on old sail frigates.〔Sondhaus, p. 166〕 The new ships were primarily steam-powered but retained auxiliary sailing rigs. The second design, the , was larger than the ''Schwalbe'' class and mounted newer, quick-firing guns, but was otherwise generally similar in capabilities.〔Gröner, pp. 93–97〕 , the final cruiser of the type, represented an attempt to merge the requirements for a colonial cruiser with those for a fleet scout as a result of Germany's chronically small naval budget; the design was unsatisfactory, and rather than continuing to build unprotected cruisers, German naval designers began work on the , the first modern light cruiser of the German Navy.〔Gröner, pp. 98–100〕
All nine cruisers served extensively in Germany's colonies and foreign interests, particularly in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. They participated in the suppression of numerous rebellions, including the Abushiri Revolt in German East Africa in 1889–90, the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900–01, and the Sokehs Rebellion in the Caroline Islands in 1911. Most of the ships were recalled to Germany and decommissioned by the early 1910s, having been replaced by the newer light cruisers. and were scrapped in 1912, but the rest continued on in secondary roles. Of the remaining seven ships, only and remained abroad at the start of World War I in August 1914. ''Cormoran'' was stationed in Tsingtao, but her engines were worn out, so she was scuttled to prevent her capture. ''Geier'' briefly operated against British shipping in the Pacific before running low on coal. She put in to Hawaii, where she was interned by the US Navy. After the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917, she was seized and commissioned into American service as USS ''Schurz'', though she was accidentally sunk in a collision in June 1918. , employed as a mine storage hulk in Wilhelmshaven during the war, was destroyed by an accidental explosion in 1917. , , , and ''Gefion'' were used in a variety of secondary roles during the war, including as floating barracks, training cruisers, and target ships. The first three ships were all broken up for scrap in the early 1920s, while ''Gefion'' was briefly used as a freighter, before she too was scrapped, in 1923.
==''Schwalbe'' class==
(詳細はKaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy), the ''Schwalbe''-class cruisers, were designed in 1886 to replace the motley collection of old sailing ships that Germany then possessed. They were intended to police Germany's recently acquired colonial empire. Leo von Caprivi, then the Chief of the ''Kaiserliche Marine'', requested cruisers that had the range to operate abroad, but which also possessed sufficient combat power to be useful in time of war; the old sailing ships so poorly armed that they were ineffective as combat ships.〔Sondhaus, pp. 166–167〕 ''Schwalbe'' and ''Sperber'' were therefore armed with a main battery of eight guns.〔Gröner, p. 93〕
Both ships served abroad for the majority of their careers, primarily in Germany's African colonies and in Asia and the Pacific. Their service lives were generally uneventful, apart from the normal routine of colonial policing. They were both sent to German East Africa to help put down the Abushiri Revolt in 1889–90,〔 and ''Schwalbe'' joined the Eight Nation Alliance against the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900.〔Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz Vol. 7, p. 147〕 Both ships were decommissioned by 1911 and were thereafter used for secondary roles: ''Schwalbe'' as a training ship and ''Sperber'' as a target ship. After World War I, both vessels were sold and broken up for scrap by 1922.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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